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The testis and the male reproductive system. 

testicular

The testes are the male sex glands, which are located behind the penis in a bag of skin called the scrotum. The testicles produce and store sperm, and are also the main source of the male hormone testosterone. These hormones control the development of the reproductive organs and other male characteristics, such as body and facial hair, and the pitch of the voice.  And broad shoulders.

Pain in the testicles can be caused by minor injuries or bruises in the area, and pain in the scrotum may be caused by some critical medical conditions such as testicular torsion or some sexually transmitted diseases, and pain in this area should not be ignored because the damage that may result from these  Cases may lead to loss of the testicle, and we will talk in this article about the causes of testicular pain.

Causes of testicular pain.

Many conditions and diseases can be causes of testicular pain, such as receiving a blow in that area or injuring the testicles in one way or another, but the pain is often the result of diseases or medical conditions that require treatment. These reasons include the following:

• Damage to the scrotal nerves caused by neuropathy caused by diabetes.

• Epididymitis or inflammation of the testicles, caused by the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia is one of the causes of testicular pain.

• Tissue damage or death in that area, as a result of not receiving treatment in cases of testicular torsion.

• Hydrocele, which is characterized by swelling of the scrotum and is one of the causes of testicular pain.

• A varicocele or a gathering of extended veins in the gonad

•  inguinal hernia;

•  kidney stones.

•  Undescended testicle.

Diseases affecting the testicle.

As previously discussed the causes of testicular pain, we will now discuss some diseases that affect the testicle. These diseases may be rare, but testicular diseases can be life-threatening and must be treated, and include the following:

• Testicular cancer: Testicular cancer occurs as a result of some mutations that affect the cells in the testicle, which lead to reckless and irregular proliferation and invade areas that do not belong to them, and this process usually leads to a painless, slow or constant swelling in one testicle, which the man may discover on his own  At an early stage, if medical care is received early, testicular cancer is curable in most cases.

• Testicular torsion: When testicular torsion occurs, this leads to the closure of the blood vessels that supply the testicle, and certain growth problems affect some men and make them more susceptible to testicular torsion, although testicular torsion is rare, it is considered one of the conditions  Emergency, which is one of the causes of sudden testicular pain, due to which you should not hesitate to go to the emergency room because any delay in treating this condition can lead to testicular death, and testicular torsion is one of the most common diseases during puberty in males aged between  Between the ages of 10 and 15, so it is important to inform young adolescents that any pain in the testicle area should be reported to their parents.

• Epididymitis: The epididymis is a long, coiled tube located next to the testicle that stores sperm as it matures.  Or from the backflow of urine into the tubes due to heavy lifting or stress. Epididymitis can cause symptoms ranging from mild irritation to severe testicular pain, swelling, and heat.

• Varicocele: A varicocele is a disease that causes the veins above the testicle to enlarge. It is usually harmless, but sometimes a varicocele can reduce fertility or cause mild to moderate pain.

• Hydrocele: A hydrocele is a collection of fluid surrounding the testicle and is usually benign, but may be large enough to cause pain or pressure, and the hydrocele often occurs as a result of trauma to the testicular area.

• Orchitis: Orchitis is inflammation of one or both testicles due to infection, which can occur due to sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia and is one of the causes of testicle pain.

Methods of treatment of testicular pain.

Treatment of testicular 

Most causes of testicular pain can be treated at home without the need for medical care, and this is done using some home measures such as wearing some condoms to the scrotum area or applying ice to reduce swelling in that area, warm baths can also be taken and the testicles supported while lying down by placing a rolled towel under the scrotum.

Pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used to relieve pain, but if the testicle pain is severe, you should visit the doctor to do some tests to determine the causes of the pain and to do some additional tests such as an ultrasound of the testicles and scrotum, urinalysis and prostate examination, and the doctor may prescribe some antibiotics  Vital to treat an infection or perform surgery if the cause is testicular torsion or to reduce fluid buildup in the testicles.

Prevention of testicular pain.

Some conditions cause pain in the testicles that cannot be prevented, but there are some steps that you can take to protect against some of the causes that lead to this, such as wearing some condoms that protect the testicle area when exercising to prevent the testicles from getting injured or receiving any blow in the testicles.  It is recommended to visit the doctor periodically to check the testicles and ensure their safety and try to empty the bladder when urinating to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections.

Complications of testicular pain. 

A doctor can treat most cases of testicular pain, but some types of sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia or testicular torsion can lead to permanent damage to the tissues of the testicles, and this may affect male fertility, or if tissue damage and inflammation occur in the tissues of the testicles.  Testicle due to testicular torsion may lead to the spread of bacteria from those damaged tissues to different parts of the body.

Causes of pain in the right testicle.

It can be said that the similar structure between the testicles greatly eliminates the difference between the causes of pain in the right or left testicle, but the distinction between the causes of pain in one testicle and the joint pain between them is clinically important, pain may occur in the lower pelvic area with the patient's sense that the pain  It emanates from the testicles, without any pathological problems in them, but the pain in the testicle often occurs as a result of pathological or accidental problems, and among the causes of pain in the right testicle are the following:

• Orchitis.

• Epididymitis can be caused by sexually transmitted diseases.

• The testicle dies, which can result from a torsion of the spermatic cord or trauma to the testicular tissue.

•  Kidney stones.

• Varicoceles, are enlargement and swelling of the seminal veins in the testicles.

• Spermatocele in the testicle manifests as swelling of the scrotum.

• inguinal hernia. 

• Nerve damage to the scrotum is caused by diabetic neuropathy.

• Ectropion is a condition in which the testicle remains in the abdominal cavity without passing into the scrotum.

Sometimes, severe and sudden pain in the testicle can result from a serious medical condition known as testicular torsion, a condition in which the testicle twists around itself, putting pressure on its blood supply coming through the spermatic cord, and it is an emergency that requires rapid medical intervention from by a urologist.

This condition often occurs in young people between the ages of 10 to 20 years spontaneously, and it should be noted that pain in the testicle rarely indicates testicular cancer.  The doctor to rule out serious problems in it, especially when it is recent in an elderly man.