What is multiple myeloma?
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| Multiple myeloma a type of blood cancer.Know its causes and symptoms. |
Multiple myeloma is a type of leukemia that affects plasma cells, which are the white blood cells in the bone marrow that are responsible for producing antibodies that protect your body by fighting infections and various diseases.
According to a report by the "Times of India" website, when plasma cells develop and multiply at an abnormal rate within the bone marrow, this leads to the production of too much protein called immunoglobulin in the bones and blood, which in turn leads to multiple myeloma when the multiple myeloma is left untreated.
Diagnosed and untreated, it then spreads to different parts of the body, causing damage to many organs.
Symptoms of multiple myeloma.
Symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary from person to person, while associated symptoms may not appear at first.
As the disease progresses or worsens, there are certain signs to watch out for. Here are some symptoms you may experience if you have multiple myeloma.
- Bone damage.
- Anemia.
- Weakness and fatigué.
- Weight loss.
- Loss of appetite and nausea.
- Renal failure.
Multiple myeloma causes.
While the reason for Multiple myeloma is as yet unclear, it is brought about by the unusual development of plasma cells in the bone marrow, which spread to different pieces of the body.
Multiple myeloma doesn't follow a typical life cycle but instead keeps on separating endlessly, causing It makes it exceptionally hazardous.
Doctors know that multiple myeloma begins with a single abnormal plasma cell in the bone marrow — the blood-producing soft tissue that fills the center of most bones. The abnormal cells multiply rapidly.
Because cancer cells do not mature and then die as normal cells do, they accumulate, eventually overshadowing the production of healthy cells. In the bone marrow, multiple myeloma cells crowd out healthy blood cells, leaving you feeling tired and unable to fight infection.
Multiple myeloma cells continue to try to make antibodies, as healthy plasma cells do, but they produce abnormal antibodies that the body can't use.
Instead, the abnormal antibodies (monoclonal proteins or M proteins) build up causing problems, such as damage to the kidneys. Cancer cells can cause bone damage, increasing the risk of broken bones.
risk factors.
The cause of multiple myeloma is not yet known, however, people are more likely to develop this condition if they fall into the categories listed below.
- People over 65 years old.
- mâle.
- Those who are overweight and obèse.
- Individuals who have been presented to radiation.
- Individuals who have been presented with destructive synthetic compounds.
Multiple myeloma diagnosis methods.
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| Multiple myeloma diagnosis methods. |
Aside from that, imaging tests that include X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans may be used to identify any indications of multiple myeloma.
Your doctor may also recommend a biopsy, where a sample of bone marrow can be taken and examined to confirm the condition of the condition.
Multiple myeloma is sometimes diagnosed when it is discovered incidentally during a blood test for another condition.
It can also be diagnosed when your doctor suspects you have multiple myeloma based on your signs and symptoms.
blood tests; Laboratory analysis of your blood may reveal the presence of M proteins produced by multiple myeloma cells. Another abnormal protein produced by multiple myeloma cells called beta-2-microglobulin may be detected in your blood and provide your doctor with clues that the multiple myeloma is aggressive.
In addition, blood tests that check your kidney function, red blood cell count, calcium levels, and uric acid levels can provide clues to your diagnosis.
urine tests. Urinalysis may show the presence of M-type proteins, referred to as Bence Jones proteins when they are detected in the urine.
Bone marrow examination. Your doctor may withdraw a sample of bone marrow for laboratory testing. The sample is collected with a long needle inserted into the bone (bone marrow aspiration and biopsy).
The sample is examined in the laboratory for the presence of multiple myeloma cells. Specialized tests, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization and analysis of multiple myeloma cells, can help understand the genetic abnormality.
Imaging tests. Imaging tests may be recommended to detect bone problems associated with multiple myeloma. Tests may include X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or positron emission tomography (PET).
Determining the stage and category of risk.
- If tests indicate that you have multiple myeloma, your doctor will use information collected from diagnostic tests to classify your disease as stage 1, stage 2, or stage 3. *Stage one refers to less severe disease, and Stage III refers to a more severe illness.
- Your multiple myeloma may also be classified as a risk category, which indicates how severe your disease is.
- Multiple myeloma's stage and risk category help your doctor understand your prognosis and treatment options.
multiple myeloma treatment.
Although there is no cure for multiple myeloma, treatments are available to reduce pain and complications and limit the progression of the disease.
Since you don't have any symptoms, your doctor may choose to monitor you rather than start treatment. However, if your multiple myeloma is advanced, here are some treatment options. which you can choose from.
Targeted therapy:
The drugs used in this treatment target the proteins, genes, and tissues responsible for the growth of cancer cells.
Biological therapy:
In this case, the medications are used to stimulate the body's immune system to attack the myeloma cells.
Chemotherapy:
Not at all like different medicines, in further developed cases, chemotherapy utilizes forceful medications.
This can assist with killing cells that duplicate quickly. Chemotherapy drugs are many times given in high dosages, particularly before an undifferentiated organism relocates.
Corticosteroids:
These medicines help other treatments work better and more.
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