What are epilepsy disorders?
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| Epilepsy disorders - diagnosis and treatment. |
For epilepsy disorders, electrical activity in the brain is periodically obstructed, resulting in a certain degree of temporary dysfunction in the brain's functions.
In many patients, unfamiliar sensations appear just before the shift begins.
Some epilepsy disorders lead to unchecked tremors and loss of consciousness, but it is more common for patients to simply stop moving or become unaware of what is happening.
Doctors suspect diagnosis based on symptoms, but they usually need brain imaging, blood tests, and brain electrolyte planning (recording of the electrical activity of the brain) to identify the cause;
If necessary, medication can usually help prevent seizures.
The natural functions of the brain need to release charges of electrical pulses in a stable, orderly and coordinated manner. Electrical pulses enable the brain to communicate with the spinal cord, nerves and muscles, as well as to communicate with its parts.
Mixes may occur when electrical activity of the brain is obstructed.
About 2% of adults suffer from epilepsy disorders at some point in life, and no other seizure occurs in two thirds of these people. Epileptic disorders begin in early childhood or often in late adulthood.
Types of epilepsy disorders.
- Epilepsy: This is not a clear incitement to these cramps (i.e., incitement debt), and it is occurring twice or more. It's not a single seizure. Epileptic remedies are called epileptic disorder or epilepsy, the cause of which is often unknown (the epilepsy is called anonymous); Different disorders in the brain, such as structural deformity, stroke, or tumors, may result in, in such cases, accidental or symptomatic epilepsy is more common in newborns and older adults.
- Non-epileptic: These seizures are induced by a healing disorder or condition that irritates the brain, such as infection, stroke, head injury or drug reaction. For children, fever can induce a non-epileptic seizure (called a febrile febrile).
Causes.
- Before the second year of life: one or more seizures can be induced by severe fever or metabolism problems, such as abnormal levels of glucose in blood, calcium, magnesium, vitamin B6 or sodium. There are no cramps when healing from fever or abnormal conditions. If cramps are repeated from the debt of such instigators, the cause is likely to be an injury during birth, a congenital defect, a genetic problem of metabolism or a brain disorder.
- At the age of 2 to 14: The root is not often known (see also hybrids in children).
- Adults: A head injury, stroke or tumor may cause damage to the brain, causing a seizure. Alcohol withdrawal (caused by abrupt cessation of alcohol) is a common cause of seizures of epilepsy; The cause remains unknown at about half of patients in this age group.
- Old age: It may be a tumor in the brain or a stroke.
Conditions that irritate the brain, such as injuries, specific drugs, sleep deprivation, infection or fever, or conditions that result in the deprivation of the brain's oxygen or energy, such as heart rhythm disorder, low blood oxygen levels, or very low blood sugar levels, can be induced (Hypoglycemia), one episode, whether or not the patient suffers from epilepsy disorder.
The seizure that results from such an alert is called an induced seizure (thus a non-seizure).
Epilepsy disorder patients are more likely to have seizures when the following things occur:
- Excessive physical or emotional intensity.
- Drunk or sleep deprivation.
- Suddenly stop drinking alcohol or using sedatives.
- Avoiding such cases can help prevent seizures.
In rare cases, epileptic disorders are induced by repeated sounds, flashing lights, electronic toys, or even contact with certain parts of the body; Such cases, the disorder is called reflexive epilepsy.
Symptoms of epilepsy disorders.
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| symptoms of epilepsy disorders. |
Epilepsy is divided into several types so that epilepsy symptoms vary by type, and epilepsy symptoms vary from person to person, in what comes the symptoms associated with each type of epilepsy:
1. Simple focal or partial epilepsy.
It is the simplest type of epilepsy, so that it occurs only partially in the human brain.
This type does not involve loss of consciousness. The symptoms of epilepsy here include the following:
- Disorders in taste, smell, hearing, touch.
- Diwar.
- Tingling and uprising in the limbs.
2. Complex focal or partial epilepsy.
This type occurs partially in the brain, called partial complex epilepsy because it causes loss of consciousness when epilepsy attacks occur, and epilepsy symptoms here include the following:
- Constantly staring without feeling.
- Failure to respond to external influences.
- Making recurring movements unconsciously.
3. Generalized epilepsy.
This type infects the entire human brain, and is divided into six types:
This type causes continuous, feeling-free staring attacks, and epilepsy symptoms here include continuous movements, such as lip shaking, continuous eyelash, and a short loss of consciousness.
This type mainly causes stiffness in the muscles.
This type makes a human being unable to control the muscles of the body, as a human can fall abruptly.
What distinguishes epilepsy symptoms here is that it causes humans frequent and concussive movements of facial muscles, necks, and arms.
This type causes tingling and uprising in the arms and feet.
Epilepsy symptoms include stiffness in all of the body's muscles, loss of control over the movement of the bladder and intestine, biting the tongue, usually the patient does not remember an epilepsy attack, and may feel fatigue for several hours immediately after it ends.
Diagnosis of epilepsy disorders.
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| Diagnosis of epilepsy disorders |
- Doctor's Assessment.
- Blood tests, other tests, brain imaging and electroencephalography typically, if the patient has never had a seizure.
- If epilepsy disorder is diagnosed, doctors typically carry out blood tests to measure the levels of anti-cramping medications Doctors diagnose epilepsy disorder when patients are exposed to at least two concoctions of induction debt that occur at different times, and the diagnosis is based on symptoms and observations by eyewitnesses. Symptoms that indicate an epilepsy episode involve loss of consciousness and muscle convulsions that lead to body vibration, lack of control over urination, sudden mental mixing, and inability to pay attention, but make-ups cause such symptoms less than most people think.
Patients are usually evaluated in the emergency department, and if epilepsy disorder is diagnosed in advance and patients are equally fully cured, the doctor may assess their cases in the clinic.
Medical history and clinical examination.
An eyewitness report of the seizure can be very useful for doctors, as it can accurately describe what happened, while patients who have experienced the seizure usually cannot do so.
Doctors need to obtain an accurate description with the following information:
- The speed at which the shift started.
- Whether the seizure involves abnormal muscle movements (such as convulsions of the head, neck or facial muscles), biting on the tongue, drooling, not adjusting for urination, shaking or muscle stiffness.
- How long did the shift last?
- How long did the patient need to heal?
Rapid recovery refers more to fainting than to a seizure of epilepsy, while mental mixing lasting several minutes to hours after restoration of consciousness indicates a seizure of epilepsy.
Eyewitnesses may be in a state of extreme terror during a shift, making it difficult for them to remember all the details, but what they can remember remains beneficial for doctors, and if possible, the shift should be determined by clock or other device. For mixes that last one or two minutes, they can seem to last forever,
Doctors also need to know what patients were exposed to before the attack, such as whether they had a prior feeling or warning that something unnatural was about to happen, and whether anything, such as certain sounds or flash lights, seemed to incite seizures.
Doctors ask patients questions about potential causes of seizures, such as:
- Whether patients have already developed a disorder that can cause cramps (such as a brain infection) or a head injury.
- What drugs are patients taking (including alcohol) or have they stopped taking late.
- For patients taking medication to adjust seizures, whether they take medication according to the doctor's instructions.
- Whether they sleep long enough (inadequate inadequate sleep can lead to cramps being more likely to occur in some patients).
Doctors carry out a comprehensive clinical examination of patients, where they may obtain information indicating the cause of symptoms.
Tests.
Once the shift is diagnosed, doctors need more tests to usually identify the cause;
Patients identified as having epileptic disorder may not need to undergo tests, with the exception of a blood test to measure the levels of anti-cramping medications they take.
For other patients, blood tests are often performed to measure the levels of substances such as sugar, calcium, sodium, and magnesium, and to determine whether the functions of the liver and kidneys work naturally.
A sample of urine may be analyzed to investigate recreational drugs that patients may not tell doctors about, as these drugs can induce a seizure.
Doctors may need electrocardiograms to investigate a heart rhythm disorder, and since heart rhythm disorder can significantly reduce blood ischemia and oxygen to brain, it can incite loss of consciousness, and a seizure or symptoms that sometimes resemble a seizure.
Doctors usually imaging the brain directly to investigate haemorrhage or stroke, and use CT imaging usually, but they may use MRI, and through these two examinations together they can identify problems in the brain that can cause the neurons.
Through MRI, doctors get clearer images and more detail of the brain tissue, but it is not always available.
If doctors suspect a brain infection such as cystitis or cerebral inflammation, they usually perform lumbar insulin.
Electrocardiography can help confirm diagnosis, a procedure that does not cause pain, is safe and records electrical activity in the brain.
Doctors examine the results of EEG to investigate evidence of abnormal electrical discharge charges. Since the time of recording results is limited, EEG can overlook abnormal conditions, and the results may be natural even in epilepsy disorder patients.
Doctors sometimes plan electrocardiograms after depriving patients of sleep for 18 to 24 hours, because the lack of sleep makes abnormal electrical charges more likely to occur.
Treatment of epilepsy disorders.
1. Pharmacotherapy.
More than half of boys who have received drugs for epilepsy may eventually be able to stop taking medication to live a normal life without seizures, and a large number of adults with epilepsy will be able to stop taking medication if more than two years have passed since the last episode.
Treating epilepsy disorders with the right medication and the right dose may be a complex task, the attending physician is likely to recommend a specific drug at a relatively small dose, then gradually increase the dose until seizures can be controlled, and if a patient with epilepsy tries to take two single drugs without success, the attending physician may recommend merging the two drugs together.
All anti-epileptic drugs have side symptoms that may include: mild fatigue, vertigo and weight gain, and may also exhibit more severe symptoms, such as depression, rashes, loss of motor symmetry, talking and speech problems, and severe fatigue.
In order to control seizures of epilepsy, the medication should be taken in accordance with what the doctor prescribes and maintain constant contact and consultation with the attending physician.
The doctor should also be informed of all medications taken and it is absolutely forbidden to stop taking medications prescribed by the attending physician without reference.
If treatment of epilepsy disorders does not find medication to inhibit seizures useful or do not achieve satisfactory results, the doctor may recommend other therapeutic methods such as: surgical treatment, radiotherapy, or fat-rich diet.
2. Treatment of epilepsy with surgery.
Surgical epilepsy treatment is often recommended when tests indicate that the source of seizures is concentrated in a small and specific area of Temporal lobes in the brain.
Surgical epilepsy treatment is recommended in rare cases if the source of seizures is distributed in several different areas of the brain or if the source of seizures in an area of the brain contains vital functional parts.
Epilepsy Prevention.
Some tips may help reduce the risk of epilepsy:
- Get enough sleep every night.
- Learn stress control and relaxation techniques.
- Avoid drugs and alcohol.
- Accept every one of your drugs as endorsed by your PCP.
- Avoid bright lights and other optical stimuli.
- Skip TV and computer time whenever possible.
- Avoid playing video games.
- Follow a healthy diet.
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